Difference between induction, deduction and abduction

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■Difference between induction, deduction and abduction

Induction is a method of finding common denominators from multiple individual phenomena and deriving general principles. For example:

The deductive method infers individual events from general principles. A typical example of deductive reasoning is syllogism. For example:

Abduction is a method of deriving a hypothesis that can most rationally explain an individual phenomenon. For example:

The difference from the deductive method is that the conclusion drawn by the deductive method is correct if the principles are correct, but in abduction, the hypothesis drawn is not necessarily correct. In the example above, we assumed that it was Friday because we had curry for dinner, but curry is not always served only on Fridays.

＜Summary of differences between induction, deduction, and abduction＞

■Mathematical induction

Mathematical induction is the application of induction to mathematical phenomena, and the following are typical patterns:

■An example where the deductive method does not hold

The following is a famous example of a wrong deduction method, but if you think of it as an abduction, it is not a wrong logical construction. (Whether the hypothesis is correct or not is a different matter)

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